Question:

What chromosomes are thought to be linked to autistic disorder?

Los cromosomas asociados con trastornos del espectro autista

Un punto en el que los investigadores genéticos estudiando el autismo estarán de acuerdo es el requisito multigenetic para este trastorno, también conocido como herencia poligénica. Esto significa que más de un gen se atribuye al autismo. Puesto que es un trastorno del espectro con una amplia gama de síntomas y diversos grados de gravedad, esta teoría no es infundado. Numerosos genes en varios cromosomas diferentes están siendo investigados. Gran parte de la investigación hasta ahora se examinan cinco cromosomas distintos cree que tienen un vínculo directo con el autismo - los cromosomas 2, 3, 7 y 15, así como el cromosoma X. He aquí una breve actualización de algunos de los resultados:

  • El cromosoma 2 es el segundo cromosoma más grande del genoma humano y se asocia con el desarrollo del lenguaje. El gen SLC25A12 se encuentra en este cromosoma tiene una presencia cada vez mayor en los individuos con autismo y sus familiares frente a las familias sin autismo.
  • Cromosoma 3 contiene genes vinculados con el desarrollo temprano del cerebro. La disfunción de estos genes puede causar mensajes contradictorios en las células cerebrales e impropio de desarrollo temprano del cerebro.
  • Cromosoma 7 está asociado con el desarrollo del lenguaje y estudios recientes han encontrado que la interrupción del gen MET en este cromosoma está vinculada con el autismo y trastornos gastrointestinales con la que se asocia habitualmente.
  • La duplicación de algunas regiones en el cromosoma 15 se asocian con una falta de competencias lingüísticas, convulsiones y ansiedad y se ven con mayor frecuencia en individuos con autismo.
  • El cromosoma X está directamente relacionada con el trastorno de Rett, otro alls fwhich trastorno del desarrollo dentro del espectro del autismo. El síndrome de Rett es más común en las mujeres, la condición es mortal en los hombres. Del cromosoma X también está vinculada a los mensajes químicos que pasaron por el sistema nervioso central. Genes localizados en este cromosoma producen proteínas llamadas neuroliginos. Estas proteínas trabajan con el sistema nervioso central para ayudar a las células químicamente comunicarse unos con otros.

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